Microphone directional patterns range from omnidirectional to dipole to cardioid based on sensing principle.
Evidence
A directional pattern is an important property in microphones. The basic structure of Figure 4.2b is a pressure microphone that has an omnidirectional pattern, which means it is equally sensitive in all directions. If a microphone is sensitive to the particle velocity in air, the directional pattern is a dipole that reacts at the main axis from front and back but not from the sides. A cardioid microphone, which is a useful compromise, is maximally sensitive from the front and minimally sensitive from the rear. It is also possible to construct highly directional microphones that are sensitive only to sound coming from a narrow spatial angle. Microphone arrays together with signal processing can be used to make systems where the directional pattern of the resulting signal is controllable electronically. — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 487
Categorization
Category: Definitional Content
- DEFINE: Defines how pressure vs particle-velocity sensing produces omnidirectional vs dipole vs cardioid polar patterns.
Related
- A microphone’s sensing principle determines whether its pickup pattern is omnidirectional, dipolar, or cardioid (similarity 0.96)
- Subtractive microphone designs produce cardioid and dipole patterns via port spacing and delay (similarity 0.84)
- Spherical harmonics act as basis functions for building any microphone pattern (similarity 0.83)
- Instrument directionality shapes the captured spectrum depending on mic placement (similarity 0.82)
- Microphone construction determines directional sensitivity patterns like cardioid and dipole (similarity 0.80)
- Coincident and spaced microphone pairs encode direction into IAD or ITD cues. (similarity 0.79)
- Microphone configuration determines whether sound origin location can be recovered (similarity 0.79)
- Standard Ambisonics microphones use four capsules to capture omnidirectional and three-dipole signals. (similarity 0.78)
- Loudspeaker signals can be computed as virtual microphone signals with first-order directional patterns. (similarity 0.78)