Men and women express prejudice through different evolved strategies, fear versus aggression

Evidence

It is, therefore, not the case that men should be the only agents of intergroup prejudice nor is it predicted that men will always exhibit more prejudice than women. Instead, we posit that both men and women are agents of prejudice, but that the character of this prejudice and its underlying motivations differ among men and women as a function of the different adaptive challenges each has faced over evolutionary time in the context of intergroup violence. Women are more motivated by threats to their reproductive choice, whereas men are more motivated to out-compete sexual rivals. In accordance with these motives, women’s out-group prejudice will be expressed via an avoidance strategy characterized by fear, whereas men’s prejudice will be expressed via an approach-oriented strategies characterized by aggression, violence, dominance, and social predation. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1196

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to evolutionary psychology accounts of sex differences like parental investment theory elsewhere in my reading on social cognition and group conflict. — connects to: Men oppress women to flee themselves by alienating in an other. — Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, 1971; the MOC “The Enemy-Making Machine: Ours, True, and the Identity That Defends Both”
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1196