Mehmed Ali’s monopolies funneled agricultural profits into military power.

Evidence

For it was precisely the system of monopolies that the Pasha had introduced, Palmerston again rightly thought, that allowed the Pasha to syphon profits accrued from the agricultural and commercial sectors to the military, thus enabling him to build a powerful army and a formidable navy that he then used to threaten the Sultan’s dominions. — Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed Ali, his…, 1569

Categorization

• XREF: Connects directly to the reader’s focus on how the modern Egyptian army was funded and built — the fiscal-military nexus.