Medieval writers often misdescribed the Muslim prayer cycle in loose, approximate terms.

Evidence

Lull’s description already referred to, of the Muslim who precedes an important operation with prayer, is in fact a rather loose description of a whole rak’ah: After this, laying his head to the earth and in a kneeling posture kissing the earth, he three times rested his head upon it, and raising his heart and his eyes to Heaven, he said these words, In the name of the Most High, the merciful Creator… — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1178