Medieval Muslim monsters were assembled from classical, biblical, and ethnic-other sources

Evidence

Muslim characters were inspired by a myriad of things—Classical monsters, biblical prophecy, anxieties about Jews and foreigners, and the medieval episteme of monsters, which included the belief in a very small human community surrounded by a world of frightening creatures. — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 150

Categorization

• XREF: Directly evidences the reader’s guiding question of how the image was manufactured from prior materials.
• QUESTION: The ‘medieval episteme of monsters’ as a worldview that preceded contact deserves fuller unpacking.