Medieval Christendom distinguished Jews from Saracens along unexamined lines

Evidence

Over the course of the Middle Ages, answers multiplied as to the question “who is the enemy?” And the sheer number of terms, the apparent consistency with which the commandment to “love your enemies” was confined to discussions of caritas, as in Aquinas, as opposed to the elaborate debate on the “just war,” would seem to indicate that different spheres of enmity did not merge or necessarily even inform each other. … And yet there is more at work than an empirical consequence, more than a historical effect, in, say, Pope Alexander II’s statement, in his Dispar nimirum est of 1063, that although they are both “enemies of the church,” inimica ecclesia, “surely, the case of the Jews and that of the Saracens are different.” … It is the lines along which this difference runs that have remained largely unexplored. — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 211

Categorization

• XREF: Directly the genealogical claim — the internal-vs-external enemy distinction dates to 1063 papal statement, pointing to a real difference within the single enemy category.
• QUESTION: What exactly were the lines of difference Alexander II drew — legal status, proximity, theological role? Anidjar leaves it ‘unexplored’ deliberately.