Media coverage volume and framing correlate with harsher sentencing for Muslim defendants.

Evidence

Muslim-perceived perpetrators received sentences on average four times longer than non-Muslim perpetrators for comparable plots — a disparity researchers found was correlated with the volume and framing of media coverage. — Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, Countering and Dismantling Islamophobia, 70

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to earlier highlights on how institutional classification practices (crime statistics, archival records) construct the categories they claim to neutrally measure.