Marxist theories of false consciousness merged with Freudian psychoanalysis in the Frankfurt School.

Evidence

Marx stressed the economic or “material” foundations of society and politics, viewing culture and ideology as manifestations of economic systems like capitalism. He is most famous for his writings on revolution and political transformation, inciting the embattled “workers of the world” to organize and throw off the “chains” of their oppression. As the 20th century wore on, Marx’s theories of ideology, which were used to explain why revolution was not forthcoming, were eventually merged with Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis by members of the Frankfurt School, first in Germany and then in the United States. — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 100

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to Frankfurt School critical theory threads in communication-as-culture material on media and ideology. — connects to: Psychology-socialism debates shaped Horkheimer’s turn to Freudian theory — Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History…, 317; Adorno defended Freud’s instinct theory against neo-Freudian revisionist critiques — Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History…, 358; Fromm saw psychoanalysis as filling Marxism’s missing link between ideology and economic base. — Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History…, 329 (+12 more)