Many vocal animals range the distance of competitors using degraded signal cues

Evidence

The capacity to evaluate the distance at which a potential competitor is during a precise moment is essential to save energy in territorial defense and in antipredatory behavior. Ranging is defined as the ensemble of mechanisms that an individual enacts to evaluate the distance to another individual. Several pieces of evidence have confirmed the diffusion of this capacity among vocal animals, although amplitude fluctuation, reverberation, blurring, attenuation, and signal-to-noise ratio may reduce the efficiency of ranging procedure. — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology, 801

Categorization

• DEFINE: The book explicitly defines ‘ranging’ — a useful piece of backbone vocabulary for the soundscape methods reference.
• XREF: connects to: Habitat structure drives the evolution of animal vocal signals — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology: Principles,…, 494; Birds react to close conspecific songs and ignore distant degraded ones — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology: Principles,…, 613