Many historical regimes were simultaneously partly democratic and partly monarchical.

Evidence

Geddes codes all her democratic regimes as 0 on the various types of autocratic rule. However, as always the gray zone is present. For example, throughout European history there existed regimes that were partially democratic and partially monarchies. This was notably true for the UK and Germany. It was often the case that the monarchy over time had decreasing influence over policy; often it declined faster in domestic affairs than in foreign policy. In other cases, such as Japan, the monarchy was generally quite weak vis-à-vis either democratic, military, or shogun rule. — Gary Goertz, Social Science Concepts and Measurement, 1212

Categorization

• XREF: Rhymes with the Annihilation of Caste material on caste categories being unstable, reformulated hybrids rather than fixed essences. — connects to: Most regimes in history have been low-capacity and nondemocratic. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 179; Democratic regimes are rare, contingent, recent historical creations. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 180; Human rights associations prompt high-capacity monarchies to grant controlled political amnesties. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 391