Manumitted Sudanese slaves still lacked full rights in Egyptian society.

Evidence

Hiläl sees the poet’s clever play on stereotypes and language as part of his importance as a historical resource, which offers a glimpse into the condition of slaves in Egyptian society, especially after they obtained manumission documents from the slave trade bureaus. But the personal is more political for the critic Hiläl, who also sees in Imäm al-`Abd’s oeuvre a revolt against the society that attached slavery to his name and never granted him full rights, either as a person or as a poet. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 808

Categorization

• XREF: Echoes the reader’s framework: manumission documents did not erase social stigma — legal freedom and social inclusion diverged.