Lull’s martyrdom likely resulted from provoking Muslims rather than faith hatred

Evidence

Professor Peers, a sincere admirer of Lull, says of the unlikelihood of his ever being canonised, “The little that is known of his death makes it impossible for a Postulator to show that he was killed zm odium fidet; and, since there is presumptive evidence that his vigorous methods of attack and the boldness of his character may themselves have antagonised the Mohammedans and caused the final attack on him, the burden of proof lies with the Postulator’ (op. cit., p. 393; pp. 370-1). At most it is only asserted that he was killed by stones thrown by an angry crowd that he had provoked. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 2136

Categorization

• XREF: Reversal of the martyrdom frame — the missionary’s own aggression, not persecution, caused his death — troubles the clean victim/aggressor binary the vault tracks in later Islamophobia discourse.