Low-frequency residual sound may contribute disproportionately to binaural loudness

Evidence

Whether a sound is reflected or diffracted is determined by its wavelength and the size of the object encountered. The smaller the ratio between wavelength and object size, the greater the reflected sound energy. The wavelength of sound (l) is determined by the frequency of sound and the speed of sound, l =c/f, where c is the speed of sound and f is the frequency of sound in Hz. The speed of sound is roughly a constant, and is approximately 340 m/s. Thus, we observe that the wavelength of sound is inversely proportional to its frequency: Low-frequency sounds have long wavelengths and high-frequency sounds have short wavelengths. Thus, high-frequency sounds are more likely to reflect from objects whereas low-frequency sounds are more likely to diffract around objects. — Jennifer Lentz, Psychoacoustics- Perception of Normal…, 1450 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Binaural loudness constancy depends on residual low-frequency cues and knowledge of ear occlusion — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1562; Binaural sound is judged louder than the same sound heard monaurally — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1527; Residual sound at an occluded ear mediates part of loudness constancy (+2 more)

Related

• Binaural loudness constancy depends on residual low-frequency cues and knowledge of ear occlusion (similarity 0.89)
• Binaural loudness constancy is partly physical and partly cognitive in origin (similarity 0.86)
• High-frequency sounds reflect off the head while low-frequency sounds diffract around it (similarity 0.85)
• Loudness constancy stems either from residual occluded-ear sound or cognitive knowledge of occlusion. (similarity 0.85)
• Binaural loudness may exhibit constancy across conditions (similarity 0.85)
• Binaural loudness exceeds monaural loudness, more so for soft than loud sounds (similarity 0.83)
• Loss of externalisation when one earphone is deactivated may boost apparent loudness summation (similarity 0.83)
• Sound’s wavelength determines whether it reflects off the head or diffracts around it (similarity 0.83)
• Finger occlusion of one ear leaves perceived loudness of real external sounds nearly unchanged (similarity 0.83)
• Residual sound at an occluded ear mediates part of loudness constancy (similarity 0.83)
• Binaural sound is judged louder than the same sound heard monaurally (similarity 0.83)
• Occlusion-based monaural hearing dramatically reduces binaural loudness summation. (similarity 0.83)
• Lower frequencies diffract more around obstacles than higher frequencies do (similarity 0.83)
• Occluding one ear in a sound field dramatically reduces binaural loudness summation (similarity 0.82)
• Head intensity-shading fails below the frequency where head size reaches one-third wavelength (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Residual sound at an occluded ear mediates part of loudness constancy #corroborates (0.85)
• High-frequency sounds reflect off the head while low-frequency sounds diffract around it #expands (0.75) — Jennifer Lentz, Psychoacoustics- Perception of Normal…, 1450