Local government used eminent domain where private harassment failed to remove black residents

Evidence

In 1924 the Manhattan Beach Board of Trustees accomplished what the Ku Klux Klan could not. They drove out the Bruces by using eminent domain to seize all their property. Four other black families who owned property in Manhattan Beach saw it taken away from them as well, along with “twenty-five other properties owned by White property owners.” It wasn’t just black families who lost their property through eminent domain, but white families too. White supremacy does not mind sacrificing the financial futures of several white families if that’s what is required to achieve the greater goal of creating all-white spaces. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 346

Categorization

• XREF: Shows the government-private collusion layer of the saturated-system argument; the state completes what the Klan started. — connects to: Robert Moses threatened farmers with eminent domain when charm failed — Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the…, 795
• SEED: Essay angle: eminent domain as a racial dispossession tool that also made white property owners collateral damage, complicating simple black-vs-white harm models.