Lobola is contested between exchange-of-labour and kinship-tie readings.

Evidence

Some scholars view lobola (bride price) as a gendered and oppressive practice which justified women being used as objects of exchange, further authenticating the roles of women as producers and reproducers. Lobola was paid as a token of exchange to compensate the woman’s clan for loss of labour, while the man’s clan in exchange paid in receipt of the labor the woman would bring on two fronts, to produce and reproduce. A contrary view to the issue of lobola is in the Zimbabwean traditional narrative, where is it was understood as a token of appreciation and of strengthening ties between in-laws as opposed to a medium of commercial exchange as claimed by foregoing scholars. — Frans Dokman, Beyond Bantu Philosophy_…, 978

Categorization

• DEFINE: Sets out the two competing readings of lobola, which the chapter then traces historically.
• QUESTION: Which reading better matches emic Bantu accounts versus etic feminist critique, and what evidence would arbitrate?