Llull’s early missionary project rejected crusading and relied on persuasion

Evidence

Ramon, instead of joining (or forming) a religious order, set out to devote his life to the conversion of the Saracens, via the three ideas that he would champion throughout his life. Notably absent from his list of three projects is the Crusade, which Llull repeatedly advocated after the fall of Acre in 1291. Here the elderly Llull accurately describes his early ideas, in which crusading is largely rejected. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1283

Categorization

• XREF: Grounds the medieval Islam-West opposition mapped via Anidjar/Aziz — shows missionary-rational persuasion coexisted with crusade as rival strategies against Islam.