Legal authorization from sovereigns replaced papal authority in colonization

Evidence

The transformation of discovery from a religious doctrine brought together hugely significant forces in the making of the modern Occident. Intriguing similarities with religious forms and justifications remained, but the search for a legitimating basis of discovery shifted from the papal and universal to the monarchical and national. A pointed significance attached to the technique of enquiry adopted by the Church for its government and taken over, as it were, by monarchical government through law: such enquiry extended to “a technique of traveling - a political enterprise of exercising power and an enterprise of curiosity and acquisition of knowledge - that ultimately led to the discovery of the Americas” (Foucault, 1996:340). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 220 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Sovereign will therefore has enshrined the state as the new god, precisely the same status and position to which “man” was elevated by the Enlightenment as a sovereign over nature (“Man” here being of course used to the exclusion of the Afro-Asians, native Americans, tribal societies, Irish, Basques, women, children, the poor, and their “inferior” likes). — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 197 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: The legitimation of discovery shifted from papal to monarchical-national authority — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 220; Colonial extraction justified first contact through preemptive legal-religious claims — Nick Couldry & Ulises A. Mejias, The Costs of Connection: How Data Is…, 299; The Orthodox church retained virtually all the traditional apparatus of their administration without having to compromise and alter a part of their beliefs or practice. As the millet system was a contractual relationship, the Orthodox only had to pay a tax in order to have their right to independence and practice Christianity the way they wished. No papal authorities would monitor or censor Orthodox doctrines; in this regard the Ottomans were a convenient buffer against Latin interference. (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• The legitimation of discovery shifted from papal to monarchical-national authority #corroborates (0.95) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 220
• The state has taken the place of God as sovereign #complicates (0.72) — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 197