Lack of direct Muslim contact drove Americans to borrow British colonial stereotypes

Evidence

Perhaps, because of their limited contact with Muslims (outside of Tripoli and the Philippines), Americans tended to rely on the advice of the British, who claimed extensive experience with Muslim subjects in their Indian colony. — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 38

Categorization

• XREF: The dependency on a colonial ‘expert’ intermediary parallels the intellectual-historical method of how stereotypes travel between empires. — connects to: Early British anti-Muslim imagery was borrowed from Native American encounters — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 111; Anti-Ottoman crusader attitudes were transferred onto Native Americans by English colonists — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 206; Actual encounters with Muslims could dissipate American negative stereotypes — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 216 (+2 more)