Labels claimed touring, publishing, and merch revenue once artists kept

Evidence

As physical sales of compact discs began to slow in the 1990s, the role of the record label shifted and the major players were able to capitalize on their renewed clout and claim their right to increasingly valuable revenue streams that were previously unavailable. Shares of publishing, touring rights, merchandising, and licensing revenues were now part of exploitative record contracts, in what were called “360-degree” deals. — Andrew deWaard, Derivative Media, 202

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the 360-degree deal, the contract structure that replaced simple recording deals and which is central to tracing how labels monetize beyond album sales.