Kant located moral worth in inner good will, not external actions or results

Evidence

Our value lies in our good will a certain quality of the ultimate springs of our action that must be left undefined. It lies behind all appearance of our actions which, along with the effects they may have, are its mere consequences. They sometimes express it correctly, sometimes distort it since they are mere “phenomena,” they have but an accidental relationship to this fundamental value, good will itself. — Georg Simmel, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, 2487

Categorization

• XREF: The shift of moral appraisal from deeds to inner attitude parallels how Raskolnikov’s crime matters via its inward origin — a private, non-social locus of moral judgment relevant to the triad analysis.