Jury composition of White men specifically drives racially biased death sentencing

Evidence

For the White defendant, the number of White men on the jury had no effect on the sentencing decisions. In cases with a Black defendant, however, juries with two or more White men were significantly more likely to impose a death sentence than were those with fewer than two White men. Experimentally increasing the racial/ethnic diversity of juries decreases the degree to which juries punish minority defendants (Bernard, 1979; Lipton, 1983; Perez, Hosch, Ponder, & Trejo, 1993). — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 894 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Executions concentrate in the South and overwhelmingly involve white victims — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 1989; Jury composition measurably changes racial bias in death sentencing. — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 894; White male jury composition disproportionately harms Black defendants while leaving White defendants unaffected — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 894 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• White male jurors increase death sentences only for Black defendants #corroborates (0.95)
• White male jury composition disproportionately harms Black defendants while leaving White defendants unaffected #corroborates (0.92) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 894
• Mere awareness of jury diversity reduces White jurors’ bias before deliberation #complicates (0.78)