Jews responded to orientalist labeling through rejection, romanticization, or scapegoating traditionalists

Evidence

Jews responded to the anti-Jewish orientalism of the late eighteenth to early twentieth century in three different ways (typical, we believe, for other targets of orientalism, including Muslims, as well): first, by rejecting it wholesale; second, by idealizing and romanticizing the Orient and themselves as its representatives; and third, by setting up traditional Jews as oriental, in contrast to modernized Jewry which was described as “Western.” — Ivan Davidson Kalmar, Derek Penslar, Orientalism and the Jews, 84

Categorization

• XREF: The three-way response pattern (reject/romanticize/delegate) has analogues in how other marginalized groups absorb dominant discourses.