Jewish identity psychology was defined by simultaneous regret and bad conscience

Evidence

The so-called complex psychology of the average Jew, which in a few favored cases developed into a very modern sensitiveness, was based on an ambiguous situation. Jews felt simultaneously the pariah’s regret at not having become a parvenu and the parvenu’s bad conscience at having betrayed his people and exchanged equal rights for personal privileges. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 221

Categorization

• XREF: Echoes the double-bind psychology later theorists apply to colonized and minoritized subjects; relevant to the racialized selfhood module in the Islamophobia scaffold.