Istanbul functions as an intellectual and political refuge for Muslim exiles

Evidence

Abduresid and the other young Kashmiris we sat near in a terrace restaurant in Istanbul were laughing, planning, and dreaming, freely. For them, Istanbul offered freedom, or a semblance of it that they had never known before. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1221

Categorization

• XREF: Global-synthesis angle the reader wants: marks a hub-city pattern in the transnational Islamophobia matrix.