Israel now operates a state for Jews and a shadow state for Palestinians.

Evidence

Israel has moved from a single state possibility to establishing a state and a shadow state. The first, overwhelmingly for Jews, tolerates really small Islamic, Christian, and Druze minorities. The shadow state for Palestinians largely lacks self-determination, freedom, a viable economic foundation, and any sort of security for its inhabitants. This is not so much the state form of apartheid as a distinct modality of the racial state in denial about its racial predication: racial palestinianization. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 658

Categorization

• DEFINE: Introduces the ‘state and shadow state’ distinction and defines ‘racial palestinianization’ against apartheid.
• SEED: Essay angle: ‘state and shadow state’ as a generalizable model for dual-regime governance beyond Israel — one legal citizenry, one co-present but rightless population.