Islam alone tolerated other religions while Christendom expelled or converted its Muslim enclaves

Evidence

Except when they bore arms against Islam, Christians under Islamic rule enjoyed toleration in a tributary position. At the period with which we are concerned the position conceded to Muslims within Christendom approximated to this in general outline and in many details; but this proved at best a fluctuating tolerance which was always subject to propaganda, and which resulted in the expulsion or conversion, in time, of every Islamic enclave. Thus Muhammad’s violence was essential, in the Christian opinion, to his religion, although Christians and Muslims alike practised holy war, and only Islam effectively tolerated other religions within itself, admittedly granting only second-class citizenship. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1530

Categorization

• XREF: Directly complicates the vault’s depiction of Islam as coercive intolerant outside: here the historical record shows Christian Europe less tolerant than Islamic rule, a claim structuring the West’s self-image.