Intergroup threat is not required to link in-group positivity with out-group hostility.

Evidence

Previous researchers such as Brewer (2001) have theorized that ingroup and out-group attitudes become negatively correlated under zero-sum conditions. When the welfare of the in-group can only be achieved at the expense of the out-group, in-group positivity can lead to out-group hostility. Intergroup threats posed by an out-group, either realistic or symbolic, can lead group members to perceive zero-sum conditions. In Study 2, threat was not required for reciprocity between in-group and out-group attitudes to occur; reciprocity between ingroup positivity and out-group negativity emerged irrespective of whether threat was present or absent. This finding does not support the view that the relationship between in-group positivity and out-group negativity is pronounced under threat. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1109

Categorization

• XREF: Directly complicates the classic real-world-threat / realistic-conflict model of prejudice, and contradicts the assumption that zero-sum threat perceptions drive outgroup negativity.
• QUESTION: If threat doesn’t mediate reciprocity even in a hate group, what does? Worth chasing what alternate mechanism drives white supremacists’ outgroup attitudes.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1109