Institutional routines produce starkly unequal outcomes across racial groups

Evidence

The second component of racialized structures refers to the normal, recurrent, and routine procedures of institutions that shape and constrain our daily lives, from politics (voting and political representatives), economics (businesses, employment), education (universities, schools), health (hospitals) and other spheres of social life (family, media, music, sport). The practices of key institutions shape and determine who succeeds and who fails, who is rewarded and who is punished. Hospitals offer fewer tests to blacks, especially where they involve expensive technology. … The outcomes of these actions are reflected in the low numbers of people of color in universities and positions of political power; and in the high numbers in prisons (Duster, 1995). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1832

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines what ‘racialized structures’ means beyond overt racism: the routine, normal procedures of institutions.
• XREF: connects to: Everyday teacher bias and structural school resourcing interact to accumulate racial disadvantage. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 423