Independent agencies operate outside direct executive control

Evidence

An agency is legally independent if it is not attached to an executive department. Independence means the executive can­ not control the work of the agency. The president appoints National Labor Relations Board members; once they are installed in office, he is not their “boss,” and they do not have to obey his commands. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), on the other hand, is part of the Department of the Interior. The BLM director makes policy, but the Secretary of the Interior is the boss and can supervise the business of the BLM, and so can the boss’s boss, the president of the United States. — Lawrence M. Friedman and Grant M. Hayden, American Law, 577

Categorization

• DEFINE: Core structural vocabulary: distinguishes ‘independent’ agencies from executive-department agencies as a formal legal fact.
• XREF: connects to: Independent agencies can wield significant foreign-policy power unchecked — Lawrence M. Friedman and Grant M. Hayden, American Law: An Introduction, 578; Official agencies can regulate private law-making without supplanting it — Henry M. Hart, Jr. and Albert M. Sacks, The Legal Process: Basic Problems in…, 4260; Police forces ran their own transnational cooperation independent of governments

Broader Connections

• Police forces ran their own transnational cooperation independent of governments #exemplifies (0.82)