Income-based relief misses blacks because income does not track wealth.

Evidence

A white family with low income is likely to still have greater wealth than a black family with a similar income, so targeting debt relief based on household income may exclude some high-income blacks with significant student loan debt and include low-income whites who still have greater wealth than the average black family. (Remember, even if your family pays for your college education and gives you a down payment on a house, you can still technically be low-income.) For that reason, my preference would be to target relief based on wealth and not income. — Dorothy A. Brown, The Whiteness of Wealth, 334

Categorization

• DEFINE: Crisp definition of the income-vs-wealth distinction that anchors her whole argument that race-neutral income targeting reproduces bias.