Incarceration records reduce employment and wages, worst for Black men

Evidence

There is clear evidence, however, that contact with the CJS, especially imprisonment, has considerable collateral consequences. Research conducted using a variety of methodologies ranging from audit studies (i.e., “testers” with and without a prison record), observational studies using employment data, and survey research indicate that employers are less likely to hire former prison inmates (Decker, Ortiz, Spohn, & Hedberg, 2015; Pager, 2003; Pager, Western, & Sugie, 2009), and a record of incarceration reduces the number of weeks worked, wages, and annual income (Western, 2006). Further, there is some evidence that these collateral consequences on employment are more pronounced for Blacks, and especially Black men, than for other racial groups (see Pager, 2003; Western, 2006). — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 1079

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 1079