In their view, jihad is universal revolutionary struggle and that the modernists' search for moral justifications for jihad is senseless because jihad is prescribed by the Qur'an. At the same…

In their view, jihad is universal revolutionary struggle and that the modernists’ search for moral justifications for jihad is senseless because jihad is prescribed by the Qur’an. At the same time, fundamentalists say that there are offensive and defensive aspects of jihad. According to fundamentalists, the offensive aspect is to resist all states and governments that govern according to principles contradictory to those of Islam, especially if the principles on which they govern are founded on the sovereignty of people. Fundamentalists define the defensive aspect of jihad as: first, the importance of protecting Islamic-owned territory with the intent of expansion and second, the fact that Islam protects people from anything that hinders their freedom and emancipation.

Evidence

For the most part, modern-day literature on jihad focuses on the greater jihad: the struggle to be a loyal servant of God, the struggle for the good of Muslim society and against corruption and decadence, etc. At the same time, almost all of these writings emphasize that there is a wider argument. They point out the linguistic derivation of the term “jihad” from jahada, which means “to exert oneself” or “to strive” and that this has a much friendlier connotation than the word qital, which means “to fight.” The latter necessarily implies killing or bloodshed, whereas jihad does not. 60 For this reason, “holy war” is not considered to be an accurate definition by modern-day scholars. — Asena Karipek, Portrayals of Jihad, 69 (#contradicts, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Jihad means struggle and carries a contested internal and external history — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 285; The Qur’an references jihad in several places. It carries different meanings based on context. For example, some verses deal with jihad in warfare. Extremist and terrorist Muslims often use these verses to justify aggressive holy war against non-Muslims. They freely declare jihad and justify attacks and murders of all who do not join their campaign. For example, according to a 2016 study conducted by the Carter Center, a non-governmental organization devoted to advancing human rights and alleviating human suffering established by Jimmy Carter in 1982, two of the verses most utilized by ISIS to justify violent jihad are from Surah Tawbah.; There is no universally accepted definition of jihad and nor has there ever been throughout history. There is not even one definition currently accepted by all Muslims. Rather, the doctrine of jihad is the product of the interpretations of various individuals and authorities and how they have applied the principles of sacred texts in various historical and political contexts. (+8 more)

Related

• The modern period also brought about a new ‘fundamentalist’ movement, which came with a reinterpretation of Islam and its own stance on jihad. The fundamentalists tended to focus less on legal… (similarity 0.91)
• Modern Islamic scholars define jihad as spiritual striving, not holy war (similarity 0.89)
• By the end of the 19th century, Khan’s interpretation of jihad as defensive warfare became popular in the Middle East, especially in Egypt. This was due to the adoption of this ideal by Muhammad… (similarity 0.88)
• Jihad means struggle and carries a contested internal and external history (similarity 0.87)
• In general, disagreement among Muslims regarding the use of jihad has been deeply influenced by social and political contexts. In fact, in recent decades, many Muslims believe it is their right or… (similarity 0.85)
• Jihad spans warfare, inner struggle, defending the oppressed, and serving parents (similarity 0.85)
• ISIS justifies violent jihad primarily with two verses from Surah Tawbah (similarity 0.84)
• Most Islamic scholars reject jihad as a tool for forced conversion (similarity 0.83)
• The holy war tradition is Western, not originally Islamic. (similarity 0.81)
• According to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of ISIS, believers are those who defend themselves when they are oppressed, and among the oppressors are the camp of the Jews, the crusaders, their… (similarity 0.81)
• Ibn Taymiyya’s doctrines link Wahhabism and ISIS through takfir (similarity 0.80)
• Al-Baghdadi uses this verse to justify attacks on non-Muslims, especially in the West. However, various Qur’anic commentators have interpreted this verse as a reference to a pre-Islamic king who… (similarity 0.79)
• Jihad originally obliged peaceful mission, with war only as last resort (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Modern Islamic scholars define jihad as spiritual striving, not holy war #contradicts (0.80) — Asena Karipek, Portrayals of Jihad, 69
• ISIS, for example, seeks to establish a worldwide caliphate in which all Muslims are united under one authority. The group recruits from all over the world, convincing fighters that fighting for… #exemplifies (0.75)
• In general, disagreement among Muslims regarding the use of jihad has been deeply influenced by social and political contexts. In fact, in recent decades, many Muslims believe it is their right or… #expands (0.55)