In-group bias of similar magnitude across groups renders bias undetectable

Evidence

To put it differently, in a judicial system in which judges favor “their own type” and where there are sufficient number of cases of each type handled by both types of judges, no racial bias effect will be detected in the data (using an analysis in the spirit of Equation 1) if in-group bias effect is similar for both types of judges. This finding would fail to reject the hypothesis of no racial discrimination, and therefore would incorrectly report “no evidence of racial discrimination.” — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 772

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 772