In communist states, Marxist-Leninist ideology suppressed, not resolved, underlying civilizational divisions that then resurfaced

Evidence

The divisive effect of civilizational fault lines has been most notable in those cleft countries held together during the Cold War by authoritarian communist regimes legitimated by Marxist-Leninist ideology. With the collapse of communism, culture replaced ideology as the magnet of attraction and repulsion, and Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union came apart and divided into new entities grouped along civilizational lines: Baltic (Protestant and Catholic), Orthodox, and Muslim republics in the former Soviet Union; Catholic Slovenia and Croatia; partially Muslim Bosnia-Herzegovina; and Orthodox Serbia-Montenegro and Macedonia in the former Yugoslavia. — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 377

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the general literature on ideological vs. cultural identity markers as binding forces in multiethnic states. — connects to: Horkheimer endorsed council communism over Leninist dictatorship in 1942 — Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History…, 496