Hostile polemics about Muhammad circulated even within medieval Jewish anti-Christian texts.

Evidence

Even the fourteenth-century Hebrew anti-Christian work the Nizzahon vetus says that the Muslims worship Muhammad and that Muhammad died by falling drunk onto a garbage heap and being devoured by pigs (Nizzahon vetus, ed. David Berger, The Jewish-Christian Debate in the High Middle Ages [Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1979], 110, 217). — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1784

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the shared medieval European legend of Muhammad’s death by pigs, which appears in Latin, English, and now Hebrew sources — showing a cross-confessional polemical common stock.