Horkheimer deliberately wrote his anti-capitalist article to evade Columbia censors

Evidence

I hope that lots of people will understand the article, particularly because its arguments are directed not only towards the Jews but also towards the whole group of émigrés who support capitalism and hope that liberalism will return … But I also hope that not everyone will understand it, and that the people at Columbia will be satisfied with the summary. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1075

Categorization

• XREF: Illustrates the émigré self-censorship dilemma central to the Institute’s American exile; parallels Horkheimer’s double-coded writing described throughout this book. — connects to: Horkheimer’s deliberate suppression of Marxist terminology secured Columbia’s affiliation — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 582