Horkheimer concluded after the war that Zionism was the only escape for European Jews.

Evidence

Not until after the war did Horkheimer come to the melancholy conclusion that Zionism had been the only way out for the Jews of Europe. See his “Ober die deutschen Juden,” in his Zur Kritik der instrumentellen Vernunft (Frankfurt, 1967), P. 309. — Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination, 976

Categorization

• XREF: Signals a shift in Horkheimer’s postwar thinking relevant to his critique of instrumental reason and his evolving position on Jewish identity. — connects to: Millions more European Jews were being stripped of citizenship beyond Germany and Austria. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 2518

Broader Connections

• Millions more European Jews were being stripped of citizenship beyond Germany and Austria. #expands (0.75) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 2518