Horkheimer accepted Rockefeller funding he privately condemned to return to Frankfurt.

Evidence

In April 1948 Horkheimer boarded the Queen Mary for a one-month trip to Europe. He had been given a grant by the Rockefeller Foundationthe very institution which, by his own standards, was investing the merest fraction of the surplus from the oldest and largest capitalist conglomerates in the USA in the corruption of intellectual activity and cultureto take up a guest professorship at Frankfurt University. Officially, he was travelling as an American citizen, intending to contribute to the process of educating the Germans in democracyto `re-educating’ the young in Germany and their teachers, a form of re-education which was no longer being carried out through censorship or bureaucracy but which nevertheless gave precedence, within Germany, to American citizens. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1704

Categorization

• XREF: Echoes earlier-chapter material on the Institute’s ambiguous financial dependence on American foundations during exile. — connects to: Horkheimer accepted Rockefeller Foundation money while condemning it as corrupting intellectual culture — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1704; Horkheimer publicly courted Columbia and foundations while privately planning permanent departure. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1149; Northern white missionaries founded Spelman with Rockefeller money as black women’s higher education — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 177