Homo islamicus as a separate human type emerged only in the nineteenth century

Evidence

The Oriental may always have been characterized as a savage enemy, but during the Middle Ages, he was at least considered on the same level as his European counterpart. And, to the men of the Enlightenment, the ideologies of the French revolution, the Oriental was, for all his foreignness in appearance and dress, above all a man like anyone else. In the nineteenth century, however, he became something quite separate, sealed off in his own specificity, yet worthy of a kind of grudging admiration. This is the origin of the homo islamicus, a notion widely accepted even today. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 178

Categorization

Category: Causal Relationships

• XREF: Pays off ch6/ch7 claims that homo islamicus emerged in the nineteenth century; specifies the mechanism as the shift from Enlightenment universalism to civilizational essentialism.

Related

• The Oriental’s status as a separate fixed subspecies emerged only in the nineteenth century (similarity 0.90)
• Homo islamicus emerged from Enlightenment racial typologies hardened by eugenics-era essentialism (similarity 0.85)
• Homo islamicus named a fixed Muslim essence readable from texts alone (similarity 0.81)
• Late-nineteenth-century Darwinian race science underpinned homo islamicus typologies (similarity 0.80)
• Nineteenth-century Orientalism traded Enlightenment universalism for a hierarchy of civilizations. (similarity 0.79)
• Nineteenth-century Europe traded Enlightenment universalism for imperialist superiority (similarity 0.79)
• There is no biological or ethnic basis for a monolithic Islam. (similarity 0.79)
• Islamophobia descends directly from Orientalism’s civilizational divide between Islam and the West (similarity 0.79)
• Orientalist philology reduced Muslims to a fixed subspecies outside modernity (similarity 0.79)
• The monolith myth underlies all other claims of Islam’s inherent traits. (similarity 0.78)
• Islamization flowed from the cultural realm into social and political spheres. (similarity 0.78)
• The monolithic Islamic mind is a projection, not a reality (similarity 0.78)
• Islamophobia is rooted in imperialism and Orientalism; Western conceptions of Muslims as inferior beings arose when European nations were positioned to dominate once-powerful Muslim empires. (similarity 0.78)
• Islam served as Europe’s constitutive outsider against which its civilization defined itself (similarity 0.78)
• Colonial ideology combined fiscal self-interest with Enlightenment trade beliefs. (similarity 0.78)