Historical anti-Semitism and pogrom exposure are measured by pre-1920 party entry and pogroms.

Evidence

This table reports results for variants of regression equation (2). The dummy danat (dresdner) takes on a value of one if a city has above-average exposure or a branch of Danatbank (Dresdner Bank). Controls include log population, share blue collar, share protestant, share Jewish, all of 1925. Standard errors are robust. no AS (no pog) refers to cities where a historical anti-Semitic party did not enter the election or received a zero vote share (that had no pogrom between 1349 and 1920), yes AS (had pog) to cities in which the party received a positive vote share (that had a pogrom). — Sebastian Doerr et al., Financial Crises and Political…, 274

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the danat and dresdner exposure dummies and the AS/pogrom sample splits used to test the cultural channel.
• QUESTION: Is the 1349-1920 pogrom window doing enough work, or is it confounded with pre-existing economic development and city size?