Hegemonic class rule never stabilized in the peripheral regions of the modern world system.

Evidence

The list, of course, should not have ended with wage slavery. It properly should also include peonage, sharecropping, tenant-farming, forced labor, penal labor, and modern peasantry. Nevertheless, we must also remind ourselves that whatever the forms primitive accumulation assumed, its social harvest would also include acts of resistance, rebellion, and, ultimately, revolution. In the peripheral and semi-peripheral regions of the modern world system, at least, Gramsci’s hegemonic class rule was never to be more than a momentary presence. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 819

Categorization

• XREF: The claim that Gramsci’s hegemony never held in the periphery connects directly to Robinson’s broader thesis against Western Marxism’s universal claims—hegemony is a European condition, not a general one.
• DEEPTHINKING: The assertion that primitive accumulation’s forms always carry resistance within them—and that hegemonic rule was never more than momentary in the periphery—is a dense theoretical claim at the very heart of Robinson’s argument.