Hate speech both escalates prejudice and can cathartically release it

Evidence

Allport seemed to recognize a paradox in the use of antilocutions: On the one hand, the use of antilocutions may promote subsequent hostile prejudice. On the other hand, the use of antilocutions may serve as a “safety valve” which prevents subsequent hostile prejudice. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 1264

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the vault’s prejudice-psychology and Allport reassessment claims — the catharsis hypothesis is a genuine theoretical tension worth resolving empirically.
• QUESTION: Has the cathartic ‘safety valve’ hypothesis ever been empirically tested or refuted in subsequent decades?