Handing clients control often fails because of structural bankruptcy, not incapacity.

Evidence

Clients accorded greater collective influence may not possess the bureaucratic skills necessary to operate in the policy arena, or they may inherit control over programs or facilities so bankrupt that they defy significant management improvements. — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 1394

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes client incapability from structural/financial failure as the true cause of participatory reform collapse.