Haitian noiriste nationalism arose when mulatto state-control blocked the Black landed faction

Evidence

Even in independent Haiti, where the Black and mulatto revolutionary armies had, by the beginnings of the nineteenth century, broken down into racial and class factions, a petit bourgeois nationalism found expression. The sugar-export sector of the Haitian economy had been destroyed during the revolutionary wars and subsequently was unable to compete with Cuban and Indian exports in the world system. … Inevitably, during the second half of the century, a radical Black ideology was articulated by renegades among the Black petit bourgeois intelligentsia. Eventually it was to mature in the work of Jean Price-Mars, Georges Sylvain, and Carlos Deambrosis Martins. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 860

Categorization

• XREF: The mulatto-Black factional split in Haiti echoes intra-racial class conflicts covered throughout Black Marxism.