Habermas’s critical philosophy of science countered positivism’s claim to define all science.

Evidence

The inaugural lecture gave a sketch of a `critical philosophy of science’ which exposed the bid by the positivist theory of science to occupy the various categories of science, and used a series of theses not only to attempt to halt this process in its tracks but also to make its own counter-bid. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 603