Gulf labor migration trapped Asian workers in rigid contract systems without rights

Evidence

Labor migration from Asia to the Middle East developed after the oil price rise of 1973. The main labor-sending countries were Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and South Korea. Migration took place within rigid contract labor frameworks: workers were not allowed to settle nor bring in dependents, and lacked civil or political rights. They were generally segregated in barracks, and could be deported for misconduct. Women domestic workers were vulnerable to exploitation and sexual abuse. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3875 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: The kafeel system enables systematic labor fraud against Gulf migrants.; Labor migration is largely governed by informal networks that states cannot regulate; Gulf-state labor contracting stripped Asian migrant workers of settlement rights and protection — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3875 (+11 more)

Broader Connections

• Gulf-state labor contracting stripped Asian migrant workers of settlement rights and protection #corroborates (0.96) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3875
• Guestworker systems meant to rotate labor instead produced permanent settlement via family reunification #complicates (0.75)