Greek national independence was achieved by killing or expelling its Muslim and Jewish populations

Evidence

During the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, which established an independent Greece, over 25,000 Ottoman Muslims may have been killed by the Greek revolutionaries, producing a homogenous Greek Christian population. The Greek rebels also targeted Jews: they eradicated the entire Jewish population of the town of Tripolis in November 1821, involving a death toll that some contemporary sources placed in the thousands. Jews were treated in a similar fashion throughout Greece, so that none were left in the Peloponnese by the end of the war; ‘The sons of Isaac, and the sons of Ishmael, … as on every occasion during the Greek Revolution, met with a common fate’, as one foreign eyewitness wrote in 1831. — James Renton, Ben Gidley (eds.), Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe, 1036

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the book’s central thesis that Muslims and Jews shared a common fate under European nationalism; parallels with Iberian expulsion of Muslims and Jews.
• CANDY: The 1831 eyewitness quote about the sons of Isaac and Ishmael meeting a common fate is a striking, shareable line.