Gramsci reframes deterministic laws as social-force relations within productive structures.

Evidence

Terms like “regularity,” “necessity,” “law,” and “determination,” he argues, are not to be thought of “as a derivation from natural science but rather as an elaboration of concepts born on the terrain of political economy.” Thus “determined market” must really mean a “determined relation of social forces in a determined structure of the productive apparatus,” this relationship being guaranteed (that is, rendered permanent) by a “determined political, moral and juridical superstructure.” — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 94

Categorization

• DEFINE: The core definitional move: deterministic-sounding terms are re-specified as ‘relations of social forces’ embedded in political, moral, and juridical superstructure — this is the theoretical machinery that later enables analysis of racialized exclusions without economic reductionism.
• XREF: This re-specification of ‘determination’ is the analytical basis for Hall’s articulation theory and for how Islamophobia scholarship analyzes how race operates through political and ideological superstructures rather than purely economic base.