Government profiling rules exempt national security and stay nonbinding

Evidence

Muslim, Arab, and South Asian travelers reported in 2009 that they were questioned by Customs and Border Patrol about their faith, friends and family, and political opinions. Effective at the time of the writing of this article, government policies on the use of race and ethnicity in law enforcement activity have proven to be inadequate and ineffective as they (1) do not cover religious or national origin profiling; (2) do not apply to state or local law enforcement agencies; (3) are merely advisory and thus not legally binding; and (4) contain a broad exception for national security, thereby permitting racial profiling of Arabs, Muslims, and South Asians under the guise of national security. — Sahar F. Aziz, Sticks and Stones, the Words That Hurt, 93

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: American identity is defined by race and citizenship proxies for national loyalty — Sahar F. Aziz, Sticks and Stones, the Words That Hurt:…, 33; National security exceptions legally override anti-discrimination protections for Muslims — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 564; National security law legally overrides protections against racial profiling of Muslims — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 552

Related

• National security exceptions legally override anti-discrimination protections for Muslims (similarity 0.83)
• National security law legally overrides protections against racial profiling of Muslims (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• National security exceptions legally override anti-discrimination protections for Muslims #corroborates (0.85) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 564