Google pioneered surveillance capitalism as GM pioneered managerial capitalism

Evidence

Google invented and perfected surveillance capitalism in much the same way that a century ago General Motors invented and perfected managerial capitalism. Google was the pioneer of surveillance capitalism in thought and practice, the deep pocket for research and development, and the trailblazer in experimentation and implementation, but it is no longer the only actor on this path. Surveillance capitalism quickly spread to Facebook and later to Microsoft. Evidence suggests that Amazon has veered in this direction, and it is a constant challenge to Apple, both as an external threat and as a source of internal debate and conflict. — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 39

Categorization

• XREF: Parallel to Chandler’s history of managerial capitalism; GM’s organizational innovations as template for Google’s. — connects to: Google institutionalized surveillance capitalism by simply declaring its right to take experience as data — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 1078; Google’s founders frame total surveillance as the logical path to a perfected society — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 1274; Google pioneered a new economic logic comparable to Ford’s mass production — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 197